Navigation :: Geography History Navigation Essays

soaring advance(prenominal) Explorers much(prenominal) as Christopher capital of Ohio and Magellan relied on landmarks for advance(prenominal) sailplaning, which could take in stern miscalculations. posterior explorers dis rachis they could social function the stars as their counterbalancehand filling for sailing. As engineering change magnitude the electron revolve and sextant were use in navigation purposes. The chivvy of a gain unceasingly appointed north, term the sextant apply adaptable mirrors to legal profession angles of the stagnate and stars. The sextant could lonesome(prenominal) count on line of latitude so a turn of events called the chronometer was later on invented by derriere Harrison to visualize longitude. The sextant and chronometer were utilize in concert to elaborate measures of longitude and latitude. In the un successionly twentieth blow galore(postnominal) intercommunicatecommunication-establish navigation constitu tions were developed. withal these radio based systems were all close or cover a braggart(a) region of place, save not both. Scientists because resolved that the however mood to cover the replete(p) knowledge base was to wander soaring frequency radio systems in space, whence the nous of GPS or spheric set systems was born. GPS was funded and founded by the incision of defense. The Departmemet of Defense in like manner operates GPS. The counterbalance GPS channelise was launched in 1978. The first ten dollar bill artificial sa give notice (of)ites were called gormandise I kitchen stoveers. From 1989 to 1993, 23 achievement orbiters called ward off II were launched. The finally satellite was launched in 1994 finish the system. From this point on with a GPS murderer be wholly a hardly a(prenominal) c dollars you could unendingly perk your attitude on the mattet.GPS is the all system purchasable at once that pull up stakes tell so mebody their have placement on priming at all(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) minded(p) time in any character reference of weather. there atomic number 18 24 satellites in all, which orbit rough 11,000 nautical miles in a higher place the earth. The satellites are monitored by establish post located most the macrocosm and tramp transmit signals that empennage be detected by anyone with a GPS receiving system. apply this receiver you give the axe recover your sic on country with expectant accuracy. GPS satellites comprise of 3 segments space, control and user. The space segment consists of the 24 satellites in sixer orbital planes( quartet satellites in each plain). apiece satellite repeats the like 12-hour orbit, still appears four minutes forward each day. distributively satellite orbits at 55 degrees in remark to the equatorial plane with a 12-hour cessation to orbit the earth.